Hybrid Inheritance in Java

 Hybrid inheritance in Java is a type of inheritance that combines two or more types of inheritance, typically combining multiple forms of inheritance, such as hierarchical inheritance and multiple inheritance. In hybrid inheritance, a class can inherit properties and behavior from multiple base classes, allowing for greater flexibility and code reuse.

Hierarchical inheritance involves a base class with two or more derived classes, each with their own unique properties and behavior. Multiple inheritance, on the other hand, involves a derived class that inherits from two or more base classes, each with their own properties and behavior.

Hybrid inheritance is achieved in Java by using interfaces and classes to create a hierarchy of classes. In this way, a class can inherit properties and behavior from a parent class, and also implement one or more interfaces to gain additional properties and behavior.

For example, consider a class called "Animal" that has properties and behavior common to all animals. We can create two derived classes, "Bird" and "Fish," that inherit from the Animal class and add their own unique properties and behavior. Then, we can create an interface called "Swim" that provides additional behavior for swimming animals. Finally, we can create a class called "Penguin" that inherits from both the Bird class and the Swim interface, allowing it to swim like a fish and fly like a bird.

Here's an example code snippet that demonstrates hybrid inheritance in Java:

java
public class Animal {
   // Properties and behavior common to all animals
}

public class Bird extends Animal {
   // Properties and behavior specific to birds
}

public class Fish extends Animal {
   // Properties and behavior specific to fish
}

public interface Swim {
   void swim();
}

public class Penguin extends Bird implements Swim {
   // Properties and behavior specific to penguins
   public void swim() {
      // Code to make the penguin swim
   }
}

In this example, the Penguin class inherits from both the Bird class and the Swim interface, allowing it to swim and fly. This is an example of hybrid inheritance in Java.